A 2021 U.S. Justice Department study of 408,300 convicts released from state prisons in 2012 found that within five years of their release, 71% were arrested for committing a new offense, and 97% of those arrested were detained for an offense other than a probation or parole violation. These individuals were arrested 1,113,000 times, an average of 2.7 arrests per released prisoner. These included arrests for an estimated 3,266 new homicides, 5,716 new rapes/sexual assaults, 19,598 new robberies, and 88,192 new assaults.