A 2023 scientific survey by Gallup has found that 29% of U.S. adults answered "Yes" to the question, "Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have depression?" The rate for men was 20%, while the rate for women was 37%. Per Gallup's report, "Clinical depression had been slowly rising in the U.S. prior to the Covid-19 pandemic but has jumped notably in its wake. Social isolation, loneliness, fear of infection, psychological exhaustion (particularly among front-line responders such as healthcare workers), elevated substance abuse and disruptions in mental health services have all likely played a role." In May 2020 while politicians and public health officials were fueling such harms, Just Facts published a study which found that anxiety from reactions to Covid-19 will ultimately destroy 7 to 90 times more years of life than can possibly be saved by lockdowns. These consequences will manifest for decades because anxiety typically shortens lifespans many years later, not instantly.