Data from 180 countries show that people tend to migrate away from nations with worse public-sector corruption and migrate to nations with "higher degrees of press freedom, access to information about public expenditure, stronger standards of integrity for public officials, and independent judicial systems." Association does not prove causation, but this association is consistent with surveys of U.S. immigrants about their motives for migrating. Also, this association is significantly stronger for nations with high levels of illegal immigration to the United States.